Influence of ADOPT mode nursing intervention on airway self-care ability in patients after total laryngectomy / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To explore the effect of ADOPT mode nursing intervention on airway self-care ability in patients with total laryngectomy.Methods:50 patients who received total laryngectomy were randomly divided into control group (25 cases) and observation group (25 cases). The control group received routine nursing, while the observation group received ADOPT mode nursing intervention on the basis of routine nursing. The Exercise of Self-Care Agency Scale and self-made airway self-care knowledge questionnaire were used to evaluate the airway self-care ability and the incidence of airway related complications was also evaluated.Results:On discharge and 3 months after discharge, total scores about self-care knowledge of airway were 83.80 ± 5.06 and 89.40 ± 4.86 in the experimental group, which were significantly higher than those in the control group (68.75 ± 5.57, 72.50 ± 6.76), the differences were statistically significant ( t = -9.91, -10.09, both P<0.05). On discharge and 3 months after discharge, total scores in ESCA were 126.88 ± 9.77 and 133.60 ± 8.10 in the experimental group, which were significantly higher than those in the control group (113.29 ± 17.06 and 119.13 ± 15.30). The differences were significant ( t = -3.42, -4.12, both P<0.05). The incidence of airway complications was 41.67% (10/24) in the control group and 12.00%(3/25) in the observation group, which was statistically significant ( χ2 = 5.53, P<0.05). Conclusions:ADOPT mode nursing intervention can significantly improve the airway self-care ability of patients with total laryngectomy, reduce the incidence of airway complications, and is beneficial to patients′ physical and mental recovery.

Comparison of female and male behavior in the elevated gradient of aversion

The elevated gradient of aversion (EGA) is an apparatus for investigating the exploratory behavior of rats in 3-min sessions, consisting of three different sections of the same size: tunnel, closed arm, and open arm. Factorial analyses have defined three factors: exploration, impulsivity, and self-protection. In general, male rats are placed in the tunnel end and tend to hesitate leaving this starting point. Then, they hesitate leaving the tunnel and entering the closed arm, which they explore and tend to avoid entering the open arm or even just stick their head in and not enter it at all. Since females were not used for this test and are reported to be more explorative than male rats, the present work aimed to compare the behavior of male and female rats in the EGA. Thirty male and 34 female Wistar rats were submitted to 3-min sessions in the EGA. In general, results indicated that females were different from males: they explored more (Factor 1 - Exploration), are more impulsive (Factor 2 - Impulsivity), and are less anxious/fearful (Factor 3 - Self-protection). These results confirmed the results of other studies obtained with other apparatuses and show that females exhibit higher locomotion than males and are less anxious/fearful.

The elevated gradient of aversion: a new apparatus to study the rat behavior dimensions of anxiety, fear, and impulsivity

Few behavioral tests allow measuring several characteristics and most require training, complex analyses, and/or are time-consuming. We present an apparatus based on rat exploratory behavior. Composed of three different environments, it allows the assessment of more than one behavioral characteristic in a short 3-min session. Factorial analyses have defined three behavioral dimensions, which we named Exploration, Impulsivity, and Self-protection. Behaviors composing the Exploration factor were increased by chlordiazepoxide and apomorphine and decreased by pentylenetetrazole. Behaviors composing the Impulsivity factor were increased by chlordiazepoxide, apomorphine, and both acute and chronic imipramine treatments. Behaviors composing the Self-protection factor were decreased by apomorphine. We submitted Wistar rats to the open-field test, the elevated-plus maze, and to the apparatus we are proposing. Measures related to exploratory behavior in all three tests were correlated. Measures composing the factors Impulsivity and Self-protection did not correlate with any measures from the two standard tests. Also, compared with existing impulsivity tests, the one we proposed did not require previous learning, training, or sophisticated analysis. Exploration measures from our test are as easy to obtain as the ones from other standard tests. Thus, we have proposed an apparatus that measured three different behavioral characteristics, was simple and fast, did not require subjects to be submitted to previous learning or training, was sensitive to drug treatments, and did not require sophisticated data analyses.

A autoproteção profissional e pessoal na rede de representações sociais do HIV/aids na perspectiva dos profissionais de enfermagem / The professional and personal self-protection on the network of social representations of HIV / AIDS from the perspective of nursing professionals

O presente estudo tem como objetivo geral analisar a autoproteção profissional e pessoal na rede de representações sociais do HIV/aids na perspectiva dos profissionais de enfermagem. Os profissionais de enfermagem são aqueles que estão mais tempo em contato direto com seus clientes, e também os principais responsáveis pelo cuidado dos indivíduos. No entanto, ao mesmo tempo em que está imbuído na prestação de cuidado, tem conhecimento de que está lidando com riscos potenciais de contaminação. O estudo das representações sociais cria possibilidades para o entendimento das modulações do comportamento de determinadas regiões ou grupos de uma sociedade. Consiste em um estudo qualitativo, descritivo, pautado na Teoria das Representações Sociais, em sua abordagem processual. O grupo estudado contou com 36 sujeitos que atuam na assistência direta aos usuários, em Serviço de Assistência Especializada (SAE) e Centro de Testagem e Aconselhamento (CTA) da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, no ano de 2011. A coleta de dados se deu a partir de um questionário socioeconômico-profissional e entrevista semiestruturada, com roteiro temático pré-definido, sendo submetidas a análise de conteúdo, com o auxílio do software de análise NVIVO, em sua versão 8.0. Na análise dos dados socioeconômicos, constatou-se que a maior parte dos entrevistados pertence ao sexo feminino, com 88,89% da amostra dos participantes do estudo, e a totalidade apresenta formação escolar satisfatória para o cargo que ocupa, sendo superior a exigida em muitos casos. Na análise das entrevistas emergiram 5 grandes categorias: Medidas de proteção no cuidado à pessoa que vive com HIV/aids; O conhecimento e o medo de exposição ao HIV/aids determinando a autoproteção pessoal e profissional; Comportamento sexual e uso de preservativo ­ facetas da autoproteção pessoal às DST/HIV/aids; A educação em saúde e a capacitação profissional como estratégias de autoproteção pessoal e profissional; O cuidado à pessoa que vive com HIV/aids mediando a autoproteção profissional. Conclui-se que as mudanças nas representações sociais são capazes de interferir no manejo da autoproteção. Assim, é importante estimular a prevenção e proteção do profissional de enfermagem que cuida de PVHA, lembrando que a sua autoproteção deve ser priorizada, tanto no contexto profissional, quanto em sua vida privada.

This study has the general objective to analyze the professional and personal self-protection on the network of social representations of HIV / AIDS from the perspective of nursing professionals. Nursing professionals are the ones who are longer in direct contact with their customers, and are also primarily responsible for the care of individuals. However, while imbued in providing care, they are aware that they are dealing with potential contamination risks. The study of social representations creates possibilities for understanding the modulation of the behavior of certain regions or groups in society. It consists of a qualitative, descriptive study, based on the Theory of Social Representations, in its procedural approach. The study group included 36 subjects who work in direct assistance to users, in Specialized Care Service (SAE) and Testing and Counseling Center (CTA) in the city of Rio de Janeiro, in 2011. Data collection occurred from a socioeconomic and professional questionnaire and semi-structured interviews with predefined thematic guide, being subjected to content analysis, with the help of analysis software NVivo, in its version 8.0. In the analysis of socioeconomic data, it has been found that most of the respondents belonged to female gender, with 88.89% of the sample of study participants, and that all of the subjects hold satisfactory educational background for the position they occupy, being academic degree required in many cases. In the analysis of the interviews, five main categories have emerged: protection measures in the care of people living with HIV / AIDS; the knowledge and fear of exposure to HIV / AIDS determining the personal and professional self-protection; sexual behavior and condom use - personal self-protection facets of STD / HIV / AIDS; health education and professional training as personal and professional self-protection strategies; the care for the person living with HIV / AIDS mediating professional self-protection. Therefore, changes in social representations are able to interfere in the management of self-protection. Thus, it is important to encourage the prevention and protection of the nursing professional who takes care of PLWHA, remembering that their self-protection should be prioritized, both in the professional context, as in his private life.

Effects of nurses′ risk perceptions of human immunodeficiency virus occupational exposure on their attitudes and behavior of self-protection / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To explore the effects of nurses′ risk perceptions of occupational HIV exposure and the self-efficacy on their attitudes and behavior of self-protection in nursing care. Methods An anonymous survey was conducted in eligible nurses with self-designed questionnaire in three conveniently selected comprehensive hospitals in Wuhan. Structural equation modeling was applied in the data analysis. Results Risk perceptions exerted positive effects on the attitudes of self-protection. The standardized path coefficient was 0.45 (P=0.009). The attitudes of self-protection and the risk perceptions exerted no impact on the behavior of self-protection (P > 0.05).The impacts of the self-efficacy on the attitudes and the behavior of self-protection was positive. The standardized path coefficient was 0.15(P=0.02)and 0.53 (P<0.01), respectively. Conclusions Risk perceptions exerted positive effects on the attitudes of self-protection. But the attitudes of self-protection and the risk perceptions exerted no impact on the behavior of self-protection. Self-efficacy can improve the attitudes of self-protection and enhance the behavior of self-protection.

Status and influence factors of the self-protection behaviors of imaging survey nurses / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To survey the status and influence factors of radiology department nurses self-protection behavior. Methods The radiology department nurses′self-protection behavior questionnaire compiled by the researchers were used to conduct a questionnaire survey of 100 nurses in different grade hospitals. Results Scores of the item body fluid of patients with contact contaminated were wearing glovesof second-class hospital and third-class hospital were (3.695±0.73) points and (3.73±0.74) points, and there was no statistically significant different between them (P> 0.05). The other items about self-protective behavior of nurses from different levels of hospitals had some differences (t=-4.24-2.43, P<0.05). Conclusions Self-protective behavior of radiology department nurses is affected by many factors. Nursing managers should take effective measures to improve nurses′self-protective consciousness and ability.

Observation of the effect of behavioral change theory in the improvement of self- protection awareness and first aid techniques for the emergency department nurses / 中国实用护理杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate and analyze the effect of behavioral change theory on the improvement of self-protection awareness and first aid techniques for the emergency department nurses. Methods80 nurses in the hospital emergency department from August 2010 to October 2011 were chosen.They were given with behavioral change theory of intervention for the purpose.The levels of protection awareness,prevention of hospital infection behavior standardization and first aid techniques before and after intervention were recorded.And the results were analyzed. ResultsAfter intervention,the excellent results of the nurses' self-protection awareness survey were in 70 cases,the qualified results were in seven cases,the total pass rate was 96.25％.The self-protection awareness was significantly stronger than before the intervention.After the intervention,the prevention of hospital infection behavior standardization was in 65 cases with outstanding results,with a pass result was in 10 cases,the total pass rate was 93.75％.Standardization of behavior to prevent hospital infection after the intervention was significantly higher than before the intervention.After the intervention,the nurses’ first aid techniques was outstanding in 63 cases,with a pass result in 13 cases,the total pass rate was 95.00％.After the intervention,the nursing staff's first aid level was significantly better than before the intervention. ConclusionsThe theory of behavioral change can be effective in strengthening self-protection awareness of the nursing staff,and improve the level of first aid techniques.

Solución de problemas y ambientes virtuales en la prevención del abuso sexual infantil en preescolares / Problem solving and virtual environments for the prevention of child sexual abuse in preschool kids

Esta investigación corresponde a un estudio exploratorio con diseño intersujeto e intrasujeto que privilegia el método microgenético que se acerca a describir cómo la habilidad cognitiva de planificación en niños y niñas de 5 años de edad en nivel preescolar, en una situación de resolución de problemas en ambiente virtual que involucra seis estrategias de autoprotección, permite desarrollar un conocimiento que se convierte en factor autoprotector en la prevención del abuso sexual infantil. Los resultados indican una adquisición importante de las estrategias de autoprotección y la convergencia en la fase resolutoria de la habilidad de planificación, siendo esta la que establece que los niños y niñas que participaron en la investigación planifican y usan este proceso cognitivo para generar estrategias de autoprotección frente al abuso sexual infantil.

This paper corresponds to an exploratory study made with intersubject and intrasubject design that privileged the microgenetic method in order to describe how the cognitive planning ability of five-year-old, preschool level children of both genders, within a virtual environment that involves six self-protection strategies, allows them to develop a knowledge that becomes a self-protection factor when facing problemsolving situations and helps in the prevention of child sexual abuse. &e results show an important acquisition of self-protection strategies and a convergence in the resolving phase of the planning ability. &is allows us to infer that the children participating in this investigation plan and use this cognitiveprocess to generate self-protection strategies against child sexual abuse.

Hospital Infection Knowledge Investigation among Hospital Logistic Personnel and Countermeasures in a Grass-root Hospital / 中华医院感染学杂志

OBJECTIVE To investigate hospital infection knowledge among 61 hospital logistic personnel in Lanxi People′s Hospital and explore how to improve self-protection consciousness and strengthen hospital management countermeasures.METHODS The survey with self-designed questionnaires and interview were conducted.RESULTS The following phenomena were commonly found among hospital logistic personnel: lack of correlative knowledge and self-protection ability about hospital infection;awareness on occupational risk;infrequence of regular training and periodic physical examinations.CONCLUSIONS The management of grass-root hospital should enhance regular training on hospital infection knowledge including normal handwashing procedures,strengthen self-protection consciousness education and periodic physical examinations,consequently to improve the action of hospital logistic personnel on hospital infection control.

Discussion on the Self-protection of Chemotherapy Drug Dispensing Staff in PIVAS / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To explore how to strengthen self-protection of chemotherapy drug dispensing staff in PIVAS.METHODS:The protective equipment of PIVAS,caution of drug dispensing and solution for emergency were introduced.The way of strengthening self-protection of staff in PIVAS was explored.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:Standardized operation procedures and clean operation environment are of great significance for the enhancement of professional protection of drug dispensing staff.